What tasks does HRP-2 do?

1. What is HRP II?
2. What is histidine rich protein 2?
3. What is HRP2 malaria?
4. How is malaria diagnosed?
5. What is baggage malaria?
6. How do malaria rapid diagnostic tests work?
7. Is histidine an amino acid?
8. What is pLDH?
9. What is MP antigen test?
10. What is runway malaria?
11. What is OptiMAL test?
12. What is the tissue sample of choice for diagnosis of malaria?
13. Can malaria go away without treatment?
14. Can malaria come back?
15. Which drug is used as antimalarial?

What is HRP II?

The Histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) is an essential P. ... falciparum protein and it is expressed during the intra-erythrocytic stages of the parasitic life cycle. Since HRPII is expressed only by P. falciparum, it can be used as a marker to distinguish between a P.

What is histidine rich protein 2?

Histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) is a protein produced by P. falciparum but not by other malaria parasite species. It accumulates in the bloodstream [10] and is the basis of diagnostic and prognostic tests for falciparum malaria.

What is HRP2 malaria?

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are a critical tool for malaria diagnosis in most endemic areas. The most common RDT target for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum is the antigen histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2). ... Indeed, parasites can delete the genes encoding these proteins and continue to transmit in communities.

How is malaria diagnosed?

Malaria parasites can be identified by examining under the microscope a drop of the patient's blood, spread out as a “blood smear” on a microscope slide. Prior to examination, the specimen is stained (most often with the Giemsa stain) to give the parasites a distinctive appearance.

What is baggage malaria?

These cases may occur as a result of an infected mosquito being brought into the UK from a malaria endemic country by plane (airport malaria) or in someone's baggage (baggage malaria) and surviving long enough to bite a nearby person before it dies.

How do malaria rapid diagnostic tests work?

A blood specimen collected from the patient is applied to the sample pad on the test card along with certain reagents. After 15 minutes, the presence of specific bands in the test card window indicate whether the patient is infected with Plasmodium falciparum or one of the other 3 species of human malaria.

Is histidine an amino acid?

Histidine is an amino acid; amino acids are used to make proteins and enzymes in the body. It is sometimes referred to as a “semiessential amino acid” because it is nonessential in adults, but essential in the diet of infants and those with a kidney disorder called uremia.

What is pLDH?

Parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is produced by asexual and sexual stages (gametocytes) of malaria parasites. Test kits that are currently available detect pLDH from all four species of Plasmodium. They can distinguish P. falciparum from the non-falciparum species, but cannot distinguish between P. malariae, P.

What is MP antigen test?

Malaria antigen detection tests are a group of rapid diagnostic tests that allow quick diagnosis of malaria by people who are not otherwise skilled in traditional laboratory techniques for diagnosing malaria or in situations where such equipment is not available.

What is runway malaria?

'Runway malaria' is a clinical entity first described in 1990 and refers to a patient who has contracted malaria, in whom the only possible exposure has been when the aircraft in which they were travelling has landed transiently in a malarious zone.

What is OptiMAL test?

OptiMAL is a rapid (10-min) malaria detection test which utilizes a dipstick coated with monoclonal antibodies against the intracellular metabolic enzyme parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Differentiation of malaria parasites is based on antigenic differences between the pLDH isoforms.

What is the tissue sample of choice for diagnosis of malaria?

The mainstay of malaria diagnosis has been the microscopic examination of blood, utilizing blood films. Although blood is the sample most frequently used to make a diagnosis, both saliva and urine have been investigated as alternative, less invasive specimens.

Can malaria go away without treatment?

With proper treatment, symptoms of malaria usually go away quickly, with a cure within two weeks. Without proper treatment, malaria episodes (fever, chills, sweating) can return periodically over a period of years. After repeated exposure, patients will become partially immune and develop milder disease.

Can malaria come back?

The answer is yes, malaria can return. Cerebral malaria has a very high mortality rate (about 20 per cent), and it is usually caused by the plasmodium falciparum type of malaria.

Which drug is used as antimalarial?

The most common antimalarial drugs include: Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine is the preferred treatment for any parasite that is sensitive to the drug. But in many parts of the world, parasites are resistant to chloroquine, and the drug is no longer an effective treatment.